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[English] To, in, and at (Places 3)

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to 와 in/at과의 비교

go/come/return/walk (etc.) to …

  • We’re going to New York next week.
  • I want to go to Maxico.
  • We walked from my house to the mall.
  • What time do you go to bed?

be / stay / do something (etc.) in …

  • The Statue of Liberty is in New York.
  • My brother lives in Maxico.
  • The best stores are in the mall.
  • I like to read in bed.

go/come/return/walk (etc.) to …

  • The bus is going to the airport.
  • Karen didn’t go to work yesterday.
  • I went to a party last night.
  • We’d like you to come to our house.

be/stay/do (etc.) something at …

  • The bus is at the airport.
  • Amy wasn’t at work yesterday.
  • I met her at a party.
  • Amy stayed at her brother’s house.

home

go/come/walk (etc.) home (not to home)

  • I’m tired. I’m going home. (not to home)
  • Did you walk home?

be/stay를 쓸 때는 at을 써도 되고 안써도 된다. be/stay (at) home (with or without at)

  • I’m staying home tonight. (or I’m staying at home.)

그러나 do something (work, watch TV 등)일 때는 at home을 쓴다. But do something (work, watch TV, etc.) at home

  • Dan doesn’t go to an office. He works at home. (not he works home)

arrive and get

arrive in a country or town (arrive in Mexico / arrive in Tokyo, etc.)

  • They arrived in Brazil last week. (not arrived to Brazil)

arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at work, etc.)

  • What time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the hotel)

get to (a place)

  • What time did you get to the hotel?
  • What did you get to Tokyo?

get home / arrive home (no preposition)

  • I was tired when I got home. (or I was tired when I arrived home.)

[English] in, at, and on (Places 2)

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in

in bed
in prison / jail
in the hospital
in the sky
in the world
in a newspaper / in a book
in a photograph / in a picture
in a car / in a taxi
in the middle (of …)

  • “Where’s Kate?” “She’s in bed.”
  • Karen’s husband is in jail for driving without a license.
  • David’s father is sick. He’s in the hospital.
  • I like to look at the stars in the sky at night.
  • What’s the largest city in the world?
  • I read about the accident in the newspaper.
  • You look sad in this photograph.
  • Did you come here in your car?
  • There’s a big tree in the middle of the yard.

at

at work
at the station / at the airport
at the post office / at the supermarket
at Tracy’s (house) / at the doctor’s (office) / at the hairdresser’s, etc.
at a concert / at a party / at a football game, etc.

  • “Where’s Kate?” “She’s at work.”
  • Do you want me to meet you at the airport?
  • I saw your brother at the post office today.
  • ”Where were you Friday?” “At my sister’s”
  • I saw Tom at the doctor’s
  • There weren’t many people at the party.

be/stay at home 또는 be/stay home으로 (at을 붙여서 또는 없이) 말할 수 있다. You can say be/stay at home or be/stay home (with or without at).

  • Is Tom at home? or Is Tom home?

호텔이나 식당은 in 또는 at을 종종 쓴다. You can often use in or at for hotels and restaurants.

  • We stayed at a nice hotel. or We stayed in a nice hotel.

in school 이나 at school 로 말할 수 있지만, 뜻은 다르다. You can say in school or at school, but there is a difference.

She’s at school = 그녀가 지금 거기 있다 she is there now.

  • “Where’s your sister? Is she home?” “No, she’s at school.”

She’s in school = 그녀는 (고등학교 / 대학교 / 의학원 등) 학생이다 she is a student (in high school / college / medical school, etc.)

  • “Does your sister have a job?” “No, she’s still in school.”

on

on a bus / on a train / on a plane / on a boat
on the first floor (or ground floor) / on the second floor, etc.
on a street
on the way (to …) / on the way home

  • Did you come here on the bus?
  • The office is on the first floor. (not in the first floor)
  • My brother lives on a nice street.
  • I met Lee on the way to work / on the way home.

[English] in, at, and on (Places 1)

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in

어떤 공간 안에
in a room
in a store
in a car
in the water

어떤 영역 위에
in a yard
in a town
in a park
in Brazil

  • “Where’s David?” “In the kitchen. / In the back yard. / In Tokyo.”
  • What’s in that box / in that bag / in that closet?
  • Angela works in a store / in a bank / in a factory.
  • I went for a swim in the river / in the pool / in the ocean.
  • Milan is in northern Italy.
  • I live in a city, but I’d like to live in the country.

at

at the bus stop
at the door
at the traffic light
at her desk. I’m at my desk.

  • There’s somebody at the bus stop / at the door.
  • The car is waiting at the traffic light.
  • Julia is working at her desk.

Also: at the top / at the bottom / at the end (of …)

  • Write your name at the top of the page.
  • My house is at the end of the block.

on

어디 위에
on a shelf
on a plate
on a balcony
on the floor, etc.

옆이나 위에 붙어 있을 때
on a wall
on the ceiling
on a door, etc.

  • There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall.
  • There are a lot of apples on those trees.
  • Don’t sit on the grass. It’s wet.
  • There’s a stamp on the envelope.
  • Look! There’s a man on the roof. What’s he doing?

Also: on a horse / on a bicycle / on a motorcycle

  • Who’s that man on the motorcycle?

[English] From … to, until, since, and for

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from … to …

  • We lived in Canada from 1982 to 1990.
  • I work from Monday to Friday.

from … until … 으로 말할 수도 있다. You can also say from … until …

  • We lived in Canada from 1982 until 1990.

until + the end of a period time

until + Friday / December / 3 o’clock / I come back

  • They’re going away tomorrow.
    They’ll be away until Friday.
  • I went to bed early, but I wasn’t tired. I read a book until 3 A.M.
  • Wait here until I come back.

till (= until) 로 말할 수도 있다. You can also say till (= until).

  • Wait here till I come back.

다음을 비교해보라.

  • “How long will you be away?” “Until Monday.”
  • ”When are you coming back?” “On Monday.”

since + a time in the past (to now)

과거 완료present perfect (have been / have done, etc.) 다음에 since를 쓴다. We use since after the present perfect (have been / have done, etc.).
since + Monday / 1998 / 2:30 / I arrived

  • John is in the hospital. He has been there since Monday. (= from Monday to now)
  • Mr. and Mrs. Han have been married since 1988. (= from 1988 to now)
  • It’s been raining since I arrived.

다음을 비교해보라.

  • We lived in Canada from 1982 to 1990.
    We lived in Canada until 1990.
  • Now we live in Japan. We came to Japan in 1990.
    We’ve lived in Japan since 1990. (= from 1990 until now)

for (not since) + 기간 (three days / ten years / a long time, etc.)를 쓴다. We use for (not since) + a period of time (three days / ten years / a long time, etc.).

  • We’ve lived in Japan for a long time. (not since a long time)

for + a period of time

for + three days / ten years / ten minutes / a long time

  • Ed stayed with us for three days.
  • She’s been married for ten years.
  • I’m going away for a few weeks.
  • I’m going away for the weekend.

[English] At 8 o’clock, on Monday, in April, etc.

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at

at + 8 o’clock / 10:30 / midnight, etc. / night / the end of …

  • I start work at 8 o’clock.
  • The banks close at 5:00.
  • I can’t sleep at night.
  • I’m talking a trip at the end of October.
  • at half past two: 2:30. 두시 반.

on

(on) + Sunday(s), Monday(s), etc. / April 25, June 6, etc. / Monday morning, Tuesday afternoon, Friday night, etc.

  • Goodbye! See you on Friday. or See you Friday. (with or without on)
  • Do you work on Sundays? or Do you work Sundays?
  • The concert is on November 20th. or The concert is November 20th.
  • I’m leaving on Friday night. or I’m leaving Friday night.

주말에 라고 말할 때 on the weekend / on weekends 라고 항상 on으로 말한다. We say on the weekend / on weekends (always with on).

  • They like to go to restaurants on the weekend / on weekends.

in

in + April, June, etc / 2005, 1990, etc. / the spring/summer/fall/winter / the morning/afternoon/evening

  • I’m talking a trip in October.
  • Emma was born in 1984.
  • The park is beautiful in the fall.
  • Do you often go out in the evening?

next/last/this/every를 말할 때는 그 전에 at/on/in을 사용하지 않는다. We do not use at/on/in before next/last/this/every.

  • I’m going to Chicago next Monday. (not on next Monday)
  • We go on vacation every summer. Last summer we went to Europe.
  • What are you doing this weekend?

in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years, etc.

  • Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes. (= It leaves five minutes from now)
  • Goodbye! I’ll see you in a few days. (= a few days from now)

[English] Still, yet, and already

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still

an hour ago: An hour ago it was raining. -> now: It is still raining now.

still은 전과 같은 무언가. still = something is the same as before

  • I had a lot to eat but I’m still hungry. (= I was hungry before and I’m hungry now)
  • ”Did you sell your car?” “No, I still have it.”
  • ”Do you still. live in Vancouver?” “No, I live in Montreal now.”

yet

20 minutes ago: Bill will be here soon. -> now: Where’s bill? He’s really late.
Twenty minutes ago they were waiting for Bill.
They are still waiting for Bill. Bill hasn’t come yet.

yet = until now
yet은 부정적인 문장(He hasn’t come yet.)과 질문(Has he come yet?) 안애서 쓴다. Yet은 보통 문장의 끝에 있다. We use yet in negative sentences (He hasn’t come yet.) and in questions (Has he come yet?). Yet is usually at the end of a sentence.

  • “Where’s Diane?” “She isn’t here yet.” (= she will come later”
  • ”What are you doing tonight?” “I don’t know yet.” (= I will know later)
  • ”Are you ready to go yet?” “Not yet. In a minute.” (I will be ready, but I’m not ready now)
  • ”Have you decided what to do yet?” “No, I’m still thinking about it.”

yet과 still의 비교

  • She hasn’t left yet. = She’s still here. (not she’s yet here)
  • I haven’t finished my homework yet. (= I’m still doing it)

already

already는 기대하는 것보다 일찍. already = earlier than expected

  • “What time is John coming?” “He’s already here.”
  • ”I want to tell you what happened.” “That’s OK. I already know.”
  • Magan doesn’t want to go to the movies. She’s already seen the film.

[English] Too

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  • The shoes are too big for her.
  • There is too much sugar in it.

too + 형용사/부사. too + adjective/adverb (too big / too hard, etc)

  • Can you turn the radio down?
    It’s too loud. (= louder than I want)
  • I can’t work. I’m too tired.
  • I think you work too hard.

too much / too many는 원하는 것보다 많이, 좋은 것보다 많이. too much / too many = more than you want, more than is good.

  • Emily studies all the time. I think she studies too much.
  • I don’t like the weather here. There is too much rain. (more rain than is good)
  • Let’s go to another restaurant. There are too many people here.
  • Traffic is a problem here. There are too many cars.

too와 not enough의 비교

  • The hat is too big for him.
    The hat isn’t big enough for him. (it’s too small)
  • The radio is too loud. Can you turn it down, please?
    The radio isn’t loud enough. Can you turn it up, please?
  • There’s too much sugar in my coffee. (= more than I want)
    There’s not enough sugar in my coffee. (= I want more sugar)
  • I don’t feel well. I ate too much.
    You’re very thin. You don’t eat enough.

too … for somebody/something

  • There shoes are too big for me.
  • It’s small house – too small for a large family.

too … to do something

  • I’m too tired to go out. (not for go out)
  • It’s too cold to sit outside.

too … for somebody/something to do something

  • She speaks too fast for me to understand.

[English] Not as … as

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not as … as

  • “I’m 93.” “I’m 96.”
    She’s old, but she’s not as old as he is.
  • Box A isn’t as big as Box B.
  • Rome is not as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
  • The Grand Hotel isn’t as expensive as the the Western. (= the Western is more expensive)
  • I don’t play tennis as often as you. (= you play more often)
  • The weather is better than it was yesterday. It isn’t as cold. (= as cold as it was yesterday)

not as much as … / not as many as …

  • I haven’t got as much money as you. (= you’ve got more money)
  • I don’t know as many people as you. (= you know more people)
  • I don’t go out as much as you. (= you go out more)

not as … as 와 than의 비교

  • Rome is not as old as Athens.
    Athens is older than Rome. (not older as Rome)
  • Tennis isn’t as popular as soccer.
    Soccer is more popular than tennis.
  • I don’t go out as much as you.
    You go out more than me.

as me / as him / as her, etc로 말한다. We usually say as me / as him / as her, etc. You can say:

  • She’s not as old as him. or She’s not as old as he is.
  • You don’t work as hard as me. or You don’t work as hard as I do.

the same as … 으로 말한다. We say the same as … .

  • The weather today is the same as yesterday.
  • Your son’s hair is the same color as yours.
  • I arrived at the same time as Tim.

[English] Older than … and more expensive than …

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비교급 뒤에는 than을 쓴다. We use than after comparatives (older than … / more expensive than …, etc.)

  • She’s taller than him.
  • The Capitol Hotel is more expensive than the Grand.
  • Athens is older than Rome.
  • Are oranges more expensive than bananas?
  • It’s easier to call than to write a letter.
  • ”How are you today?” “Not bad, Better than yesterday.”
  • The restaurant is more crowded than usual.

보통 than me / than him / than her / than us / than them 으로 말한다. We usually say : than me / than him / than her / than us / than them. You can say:

  • I can run faster than him. or I can run faster than he can.
  • You are a better singer than me. or You are a better singer than I am.
  • I got up earlier than her. or I got up earlier than she did.

more/less than …

  • A: How much are those shoes? Fifty dollers?
    B: No, more than that. (= more than $50)
  • The film was very short – less than an hour.
  • They’ve got more money than they need.
  • You go out more than me.

a little older / much older, etc.

Box A가 Box B보다 조금 클 경우: Box A is a little bigger than Box B.
Box C가 Box D보다 많이 클 경우: Box C is much bigger than Box D.

a little / much + bigger / older / better / more difficult / more expensive + than …

  • Canada is much bigger than France.
  • Emma is a little older than Gary – she’s 26 and he’s 24.
  • The hotel was much more expensive than I expected.
  • You go out much more than me.

[English] A little / a few and little/few

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(a) little은 (a) little + 불가산(uncountable) 명사로 쓴다.(a) little + uncountable noun

  • (a) little water
  • (a) little money
  • (a) little time
  • (a) little soup

(a) few는 (a) few + 복수형(plural) 명사로 쓴다. (a) few + plural noun

  • (a) few books
  • (a) few questions
  • (a) few people
  • (a) few days

a little은 조금 그러나 많지는 않은. a little = some but not much

  • She didn’t eat anything, but she drank a little water.
  • I speak a little Spanish. (= some Spanish but not much)
  • A: Can you speak Spanish?
    B: A little.

a few는 조금 그러나 많지는 않은. a few = some but not much

  • Last night I wrote a few letters.
  • We’re going away for a few days.
  • I speak a few words of Spanish.
  • A: Do you have any stamps?
    B: A few. Do you want one?

(a 없는) little은 거의 아닌 혹은 거의 없는. a little (without a) = almost no or almost nothing

  • There was little food in the fridge. It was almost empty.

very little을 쓸 수 있다. You can say very little.

  • Dan is very thin because he eats very little. (= almost nothing)

(a 없는) few는 거의 없는. a few (without a) = almost no

  • There were few people in the theater. It was almost empty.

very few를 쓸 수 있다. You can say very few.

  • Your English is very good. You make very few mistakes.

little and a little

A little은 긍정적인 느낌이다. A little is a positive idea. 🙂

  • They have a little money, but they’re not rich. (= they have some money)

Little (또는 very little)은 부정적인 느낌이다. Little (or very little) is a negative idea. 🙁

  • They are very poor. They have (very) little money. (= almost no money)

few and a few

A few는 긍정적인 느낌이다. A few is a positive idea. 🙂

  • I have a few friends, so I’m not lonely. (= I have some friends)

Few (or very few)는 부정적인 느낌이다. Few (or very few) is a negative idea. 🙁

  • I’m sad and I’m lonely. I have (very) few friends. (= almost no friends)