[English] Put on your shoes and put your shoes on (Two-Word Verbs 2)

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two-word 동사(put on / take off, etc.)는 가끔 목적어object를 가진다. Sometimes a two-verb (put on / take off, etc.) has an object.

put on your coat
이렇게 쓸 수 있다:
put on your coat
put your coat on

take off your shoes
이렇게 쓸 수 있다:
take off your shoes
take your shoes off

그러나 it/them (대명사pronouns)는 언제나 on/off, etc. 앞에 온다. But it/them (pronouns) always go before on/off, etc:
put it on (not put on it)
take them off (not take off them)

  • It was cold, so I put on my coat. or … I put my coat on.
  • Here’s your coat. Put it on.
  • I’m going to take off my shoes. or … take my shoes off.
  • Your shoes are dirty. Take them off.

더 많은 two-word 동사verbs + 목적어object. More two-word verbs + objects

turn on / turn off (lights, machines, faucets, etc.)

  • It was dark, so I turned on the light. or … I turned the light on.
  • I don’t want to watch this program. You can turn it off.

pick up / put down

  • Those are my keys on the floor. Can you pick them up for me?
  • I stopped reading and put my book down. or … put down my book.

bring back / take back / give back / put back

  • You can take my umbrella but please bring it back.
  • I took my new sweater back to the store. It was too small.
  • I have Diane’s keys. I have to give them back to her.
  • I read the letter and then put it back in the envelope.

[English] Go in, fall off, run away, etc. (Two-Word Verbs 1)

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Two-word 동사는 동사 (go/look/be, etc.) + in/out/down, etc.이다. A two-word verb is a verb (go/look/be, etc.) + in/out/up/down, etc.

in

  • Erin opened the door of the car and got in. (= into the car)
  • I waited outside the house. I didn’t go in.

out

  • The car stopped and two women got out. (= out of the car)
  • I went to the window and looked out.

on

  • The bus came, and I got on.

off

  • Be careful! Don’t fall off.

up

  • He stood up and left the room.
  • I usually get up early. (= get out of bed)
  • We looked up at the stars.

down

  • Would you like to sit down?
  • The picture fell down.
  • Lie down on the floor.

away or off

  • The thief ran away. (or … ran off)
  • Erin got into the car and drove away. (or … drove off)

be/go away (= in/to another place)

  • Erin has gone away for a few days.

back

  • We went out for dinner and then went back to our hotel.
  • Go away and don’t come back!

be back

  • Erin is away. She’ll be back on Monday.

around

  • I’m not sure what kind of car I want. I want to look around first.
  • Somebody shouted my name, so I turned around.
  • We went for a long walk. After six miles we turned around and went back.

[English] Listen to …, look at …, etc. (Verb + Preposition)

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ask somebody for …

  • A man stopped me and asked me for money.

belong to …

  • Does this book belong to you? (= Is this your book?)

happen to …

  • I can’t find my pen. What happened to it?

listen to …

  • Listen to this music. It’s great!

look at …

  • She’s looking at her watch.
  • Look at these flowers! They’re beautiful.
  • Why are you looking at me like that?

look for …

  • He lost his key. He’s looking for it.
  • I’m looking for Sarah. Have you seen her?

speak/talk to somebody about …

  • Did you talk to Paul about the problem?
  • (on the phone) Can I speak to Chris, please?

take care of …

  • When Pat is at work, a friend of hers takes care of her children.
  • Don’t lose this book. Take care of it.

thank somebody for …

  • Thank you very much for your help.

think about … or think of …

  • He never thinks about (or of) other people.
  • Mark is thinking of (or about) buying a new car.

wait for …

  • Wait for me! I’m almost ready.

write and call

write (to) somebody

  • I never get letters. Nobody writes to me. (or Nobody writes me.)

call somebody (no preposition)

  • I have to call my parents. (not call to …)

depend

depend on으로 말한다. We say depend on …:

  • A: Do you like to eat in restaurants?
    B: Sometimes. It depends on the restaurant. (not it depends of)

on을 쓰거나 안써서 it depends what/where/how로 말할 수 있다. it depends what/where/how, etc., with or without on.

  • A: Do you want to go out with us?
    B: It depends where you’re going. (or It depends on where you’re going.)

[English] Afraid of, good at, etc. (Adjective + Preposition) At -ing, with -ing, etc (Preposition + -ing)

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afraid of / good at, etc. (adjective + preposition)

afraid of …

  • Are you afraid of dogs?

angry/mad at somebody / angry/mad about something

  • Why are you mad at me? What did I do?
  • Are you angry about last night? (= something that happened last night)

different from … / different than …

  • Lynn is very different from her sister. or Lynn is very different than her sister.

full of …

  • The room was full of people.

good at … / bad at …

  • Are you good at math?
  • Tina is very bad at writing letters.

interested in …

  • I’m not interested in sports.

married to …

  • Sue is married to a dentist. (= her husband is a dentist)

nice/kind of somebody to … / nice/kind to somebody

  • It was kind of you to help us. Thank you very much.
  • David is very friendly. He’s always very nice to me.

sorry about something / sorry for somebody

  • I’m sorry about your accident. Was anyone hurt?
  • I feel sorry for them. They work hard, but they never have enough money.

tired of …

  • I’m tired of my job. I need a change.

Preposition + -ing

전치사preposition (at/with/for, etc.) 뒤에는 -ing 로 끝나는 동사. After a preposition (at/with/for, etc.), a verb ends in -ing.

I’m not very good at + telling + stories
Are you tried of + doing + the same thing every day?
Thank you for + helping + me.
Mark is thinking of + buying + a new car.
Tom left without + saying + goodbye. (= he didn’t say goodbye)
After + doing + the housework, they went out.

[English] On, at, by, with, and about

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on

on vacation
on television
on the radio
on the phone
on fire
on time (= not late)

  • Tracy isn’t at work this week. She’s on vacation.
  • We watched the news on television.
  • We listened to the news on the radio.
  • I spoke to Carol on the phone last night.
  • The house is on fire! Call the fire department.
  • ”Was the train late?” “No, it was on time.”

at (the age of) 21 / at 50 kilometers an hour / at 100 degrees, etc.

  • Lisa got married at 21. (or … at the age of 21)
  • A car uses more gas at 70 miles an hour than at 55.
  • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

by car / by bus / by plane (or by air) / by boat / by bicycle, etc.

  • Do you like traveling by train?
  • Can you get there by bike?

그러나 도보로는 on foot. But: on foot

  • You can’t get there by car. You have to go on foot.

a book by … / a painting by … / a piece of music by …, etc.
(the tile) by (the writer)

  • Have you read any books by Charles Dickens?
  • Who is that painting by? Picasso?

수동태 다음에 by. by after the passive

  • I was bitten by a dog.

with / without

  • Did you stay at a hotel or with friends?
  • Wait for me. Please don’t go without me.
  • Do you like your coffee with or without milk?
  • I cut the paper with a pair of scissors.

a main with a beard / a woman with glasses, etc.

  • Do you know that man with the beard?
  • I’d like to have a house with a big yard.

talk/speak/think/hear/know about …

  • Some people talk about their work all the time.
  • I don’t know much about cars.

a book / a question / a program (etc.) about …

  • Did you see the program about computers on TV last night?

[English] Up, over, through, etc.

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to / from

  • Tracy is going to Hawaii next week.
  • We walked from the hotel to the restaurant.
  • A lot of English words come from Latin.

into (in) / out of

  • We jumped into the water.
  • A man came out of the house and got into a car.
  • Why are you looking out of the window?
  • I took the old batteries out of the radio.

put something에는 (보통 into가 아니고) in …을 쓴다. We say put something in … (not usually into).

  • I put new batteries in the radio.

on / off

  • Don’t put your feet on the table.
  • Please take your feet off the table.
  • I’m going to hang some pictures on the wall.
  • Be careful! Don’t fall off your bicycle.
  • We got on the bus downtown.

up / down

  • We walked up the hill to the house.
  • Be careful! Don’t fall down the stairs.

over / under

  • The plane flew over the mountains.
  • I climbed over the wall into the yard.
  • Some people say it is unlucky to walk under a ladder.

through / around

  • A bird flew into the room through a window.
  • The old highway goes through the city.
  • The new highway goes around the city.
  • The bus stop is just around the corner.
  • I walked around the town and took some pictures.

along / across

  • I was walking along the street with my dog.
  • Let’s go for a walk along the river.
  • The dog swam across the river.

past

  • They walked past me without speaking.
  • A: Excuse me, how do I get to the hospital?
    B: Go along this street, past the movie theater, under the bridge, and the hospital is on the left.

[English] Next to, between, under, etc.

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next to / between / in front of / in back of

  • Adam is next to Bob.
  • Bob is between Adam and Carla.
  • Don is in front of Bob.
  • Carla is in back of Don.
  • Adam is on the left.
  • Ellen is on the right.
  • Don is in the middle (of the group).

across from / in front of

  • Anne is sitting in front of Bruce.
  • Anne is sitting across from Christa.
  • Christa is sitting across from Anne.

by (= next to)

  • Our house is by the ocean. (= next to the ocean)
  • Who is that man by the window?
  • ”Is there a pay phone here? “Yes, by the door.”

under

  • The cat is under the table.
  • The girl is standing under a tree.
  • I’m wearing a jacket under my coat.

above and below

  • A is above the line. (= higher than the line)
  • B is below the line. (= lower than the line)
  • The pictures are above the shelves.
  • The shelves are below the pictures.

[English] To, in, and at (Places 3)

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to 와 in/at과의 비교

go/come/return/walk (etc.) to …

  • We’re going to New York next week.
  • I want to go to Maxico.
  • We walked from my house to the mall.
  • What time do you go to bed?

be / stay / do something (etc.) in …

  • The Statue of Liberty is in New York.
  • My brother lives in Maxico.
  • The best stores are in the mall.
  • I like to read in bed.

go/come/return/walk (etc.) to …

  • The bus is going to the airport.
  • Karen didn’t go to work yesterday.
  • I went to a party last night.
  • We’d like you to come to our house.

be/stay/do (etc.) something at …

  • The bus is at the airport.
  • Amy wasn’t at work yesterday.
  • I met her at a party.
  • Amy stayed at her brother’s house.

home

go/come/walk (etc.) home (not to home)

  • I’m tired. I’m going home. (not to home)
  • Did you walk home?

be/stay를 쓸 때는 at을 써도 되고 안써도 된다. be/stay (at) home (with or without at)

  • I’m staying home tonight. (or I’m staying at home.)

그러나 do something (work, watch TV 등)일 때는 at home을 쓴다. But do something (work, watch TV, etc.) at home

  • Dan doesn’t go to an office. He works at home. (not he works home)

arrive and get

arrive in a country or town (arrive in Mexico / arrive in Tokyo, etc.)

  • They arrived in Brazil last week. (not arrived to Brazil)

arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at work, etc.)

  • What time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the hotel)

get to (a place)

  • What time did you get to the hotel?
  • What did you get to Tokyo?

get home / arrive home (no preposition)

  • I was tired when I got home. (or I was tired when I arrived home.)

[English] in, at, and on (Places 2)

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in

in bed
in prison / jail
in the hospital
in the sky
in the world
in a newspaper / in a book
in a photograph / in a picture
in a car / in a taxi
in the middle (of …)

  • “Where’s Kate?” “She’s in bed.”
  • Karen’s husband is in jail for driving without a license.
  • David’s father is sick. He’s in the hospital.
  • I like to look at the stars in the sky at night.
  • What’s the largest city in the world?
  • I read about the accident in the newspaper.
  • You look sad in this photograph.
  • Did you come here in your car?
  • There’s a big tree in the middle of the yard.

at

at work
at the station / at the airport
at the post office / at the supermarket
at Tracy’s (house) / at the doctor’s (office) / at the hairdresser’s, etc.
at a concert / at a party / at a football game, etc.

  • “Where’s Kate?” “She’s at work.”
  • Do you want me to meet you at the airport?
  • I saw your brother at the post office today.
  • ”Where were you Friday?” “At my sister’s”
  • I saw Tom at the doctor’s
  • There weren’t many people at the party.

be/stay at home 또는 be/stay home으로 (at을 붙여서 또는 없이) 말할 수 있다. You can say be/stay at home or be/stay home (with or without at).

  • Is Tom at home? or Is Tom home?

호텔이나 식당은 in 또는 at을 종종 쓴다. You can often use in or at for hotels and restaurants.

  • We stayed at a nice hotel. or We stayed in a nice hotel.

in school 이나 at school 로 말할 수 있지만, 뜻은 다르다. You can say in school or at school, but there is a difference.

She’s at school = 그녀가 지금 거기 있다 she is there now.

  • “Where’s your sister? Is she home?” “No, she’s at school.”

She’s in school = 그녀는 (고등학교 / 대학교 / 의학원 등) 학생이다 she is a student (in high school / college / medical school, etc.)

  • “Does your sister have a job?” “No, she’s still in school.”

on

on a bus / on a train / on a plane / on a boat
on the first floor (or ground floor) / on the second floor, etc.
on a street
on the way (to …) / on the way home

  • Did you come here on the bus?
  • The office is on the first floor. (not in the first floor)
  • My brother lives on a nice street.
  • I met Lee on the way to work / on the way home.

[English] in, at, and on (Places 1)

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in

어떤 공간 안에
in a room
in a store
in a car
in the water

어떤 영역 위에
in a yard
in a town
in a park
in Brazil

  • “Where’s David?” “In the kitchen. / In the back yard. / In Tokyo.”
  • What’s in that box / in that bag / in that closet?
  • Angela works in a store / in a bank / in a factory.
  • I went for a swim in the river / in the pool / in the ocean.
  • Milan is in northern Italy.
  • I live in a city, but I’d like to live in the country.

at

at the bus stop
at the door
at the traffic light
at her desk. I’m at my desk.

  • There’s somebody at the bus stop / at the door.
  • The car is waiting at the traffic light.
  • Julia is working at her desk.

Also: at the top / at the bottom / at the end (of …)

  • Write your name at the top of the page.
  • My house is at the end of the block.

on

어디 위에
on a shelf
on a plate
on a balcony
on the floor, etc.

옆이나 위에 붙어 있을 때
on a wall
on the ceiling
on a door, etc.

  • There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall.
  • There are a lot of apples on those trees.
  • Don’t sit on the grass. It’s wet.
  • There’s a stamp on the envelope.
  • Look! There’s a man on the roof. What’s he doing?

Also: on a horse / on a bicycle / on a motorcycle

  • Who’s that man on the motorcycle?